Commentary
Monthly market commentary: Global equity markets lost ground in October.
Worries on multiple fronts weigh on the markets
Global equity markets lost ground in October. Investors were concerned about rising long-term U.S. Treasury yields, stronger-than-expected economic data—which reignited worries that the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) would resume its rate-hiking cycle—as well as growing geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. Developed markets outperformed their emerging-market counterparts for the month.
North America experienced comparatively smaller losses and was the strongest performer among developed markets in October, led by the U.S. The Pacific region was the most notable market laggard due mainly to weakness in New Zealand and Japan. Eastern Europe posted a double-digit gain and was the top-performing region within the emerging markets during the month due primarily to strength in Poland. In contrast, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates—and Latin America recorded the largest losses among the emerging markets during the month.
Most global fixed-income asset classes lost ground in October, although Canadian bonds bucked this trend. U.S. Treasury securities saw relatively smaller losses and were the top performers within the U.S. market for the month. U.S. mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and corporate bonds were the most notable market laggards. Treasury yields moved higher for all maturities greater than one year, particularly in the intermediate and long segments of the curve. Yields on 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year Treasury notes rose 0.04%, 0.10%, and 0.29%, respectively, over the month. The spread between 10- and 2-year notes moved from –0.44% to –0.19% during the month, and the yield curve remained inverted.
As widely expected, the Fed maintained the federal-funds rate in a range of 5.25% to 5.50% following its meeting on October 31-November 1. However, the central bank did not rule out future interest-rate increases if needed in its ongoing effort to combat inflation. In a statement announcing the continuation of the pause in its rate-hiking cycle, for a second consecutive policy meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) stated that it “would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee’s goals. The Committee’s assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labour market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.” Since the Fed’s last rate increase in late July through the end of October, the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note rose more than 100 basis points (1.00%). This has prompted speculation that higher long-term yields could slow U.S. economic growth, thereby reducing the need for the Fed to raise the federal-funds rate further.
Long-simmering tensions in the Middle East escalated to war following a surprise attack on Israel by Hamas in early October. In addition to the casualties resulting from Hamas’ initial incursion into Israel, the militant group and some of its allies abducted more than 200 soldiers and civilians, including several Americans; the Israeli government subsequently entered into negotiations to secure their release. President Joe Biden traveled to Israel on October 18 to meet with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to discuss the conflict. The meeting occurred amid increasing tensions following the bombing of a hospital in Gaza, a Palestinian territory controlled by Hamas. The Israeli government and Gazan militants each blamed the other for the attack. Biden stated that, based on information provided by the U.S. Department of Defense, the explosion was caused by an errant rocket launched by Palestinian Islamic Jihad, a Sunni Islamic militant group. In protest of the U.S. government’s conclusion about the attack, the leaders of several Arab nations canceled a previously scheduled meeting with Biden in Jordan. Soon thereafter, Biden announced that the U.S. had reached an agreement with Israel and Egypt to send humanitarian aid into Gaza by truck. Later in the month, Israeli troops entered Gaza to begin a ground offensive in an effort to defeat Hamas.
In response to news of the attack in Israel, both the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and Brent crude oil prices rose sharply amid concerns that any expansion of the conflict into the major oil-producing nations in the Middle East could reduce supply. However, prices subsequently pulled back as fears regarding the Middle East conflict eased and inventories rose. The WTI crude oil price ended the month down 10.8%, while Brent crude fell 7.8% in U.S. dollar terms. Other global commodity prices were mixed in October. The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) natural gas price climbed 22% over the month amid higher demand. The gold spot price increased 6.9% over the month as investors sought “safe-haven” assets amid geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. Wheat prices were up 2.7% in October, benefiting from hopes of increased demand from China, as well as speculation that the Israel-Hamas and Russia-Ukraine conflicts could hamper supply.
(unless otherwise noted, data sourced to Bloomberg)
According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), consumer prices in the U.K. rose 0.5% month-over-month in September—up slightly from the 0.4% increase in August. Inflation advanced 6.3% year-over-year, matching the 12-month upturn in August. The largest contributors to the annual rise in inflation included food and non-alcoholic beverages, as well as alcoholic beverages and tobacco. These more than offset a decline in prices for household appliances, fitting and repairs. Core inflation, which excludes volatile food prices, rose at an annual rate of 5.9% in September, unchanged from the year-over-year increase in August. The ONS also reported that U.K. GDP grew 0.5% in August (the most recent reporting period), after falling 0.6% in July, and increased 0.3% over the previous three-month period. Production output decreased 0.7% month-over-month in August, compared to the 1.1% decline in July. The services sector saw an upturn of 0.4% in August, versus a 0.5% decrease during the previous month. The construction sector contracted 0.5% in August, compared to the 0.4% downturn in July.
Eurostat pegged the inflation rate for the eurozone at 2.9% for the 12-month period ending in October, down sharply from the 4.3% annual increase in September. Prices for food, alcohol and tobacco rose 7.5% in October, but the pace of acceleration slowed from the 8.8% annual rate for the previous month. Additionally, costs for services and non-energy industrial goods rose 4.6% and 3.5%, respectively, over the previous 12 months. Conversely, energy prices fell 11.1% year-over-year, following a 4.7% decline in September. Core inflation, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, rose at an annual rate of 4.2% in October, down 0.3 percentage point from September. According to Eurostat’s final estimate, eurozone GDP grew 0.2% in the second quarter of 2023, slight improvement from the flat growth rate in the first quarter, and increased 0.5% year-over-year. The economies of Lithuania and Iceland were the strongest performers for the second quarter, expanding 2.4% and 2.2%, respectively, while Poland’s economy contracted 2.2% during the period.
Index Data (October 2023)
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